Present tense is a verb tense used to describe actions or states that are happening now, or that are habitual or generally true. It's the most common tense in English and is used in various contexts, from simple descriptions to expressing ongoing actions and general truths.
Present Simple (State of Being & Possession)
This tense simply talks about the present qualities or possessions of Nouns and Pronouns, such as:
- Suman is a teacher.
- It is very cold today.
- Kullu and Manali are two beautiful hill stations in Himachal Pradesh.
- We have no paper to waste.
- India has everything that a tourist wants to see.
Formulas & Examples
1. Affirmative (Positive)
Formula: Subject + is/am/are/has/have + Predicate
- I am a junior assistant.
- He is my colleague.
- They have many good friends here.
- We have kind neighbors.
2. Negative
Formula: Subject + is/am/are + not + Predicate OR Subject + don't/doesn't + have + Predicate
- He is not a good fellow.
- The storm has no mercy.
- I do not have an invitation for this party. (Or: I have no invitation for this party.)
- These dogs are not well fed.
3. Interrogative Positive
Formula: W/H + is/am/are + Subject + Predicate? OR W/H + do/does + Subject + have + Predicate?
- Am I a student?
- Are they Americans?
- Do you have an extra pen? (Traditional: Have you an extra pen?)
- Is he a writer?
4. Interrogative Negative
Formula: W/H + is/am/are + Subject + not + Predicate? OR W/H + do/does + Subject + not + have + Predicate?
- Is your teacher not well today?
- Why are the doctors not in the hospital?
- Does she have no friends? (Or: Has she no friends?)
- Is China not a member of this organization?
Story Based On Present Simple Tense
The Land of Vedic Age
It is a wonderful morning. The sky is clear and the sun is bright. There is no crowd on the roads and no noise. The sweet morning air is fresh and rejuvenating. There are no smoky chimneys. The air is fragrant with the scent of flowers. Where are we? Are we in heaven? Is it not the earth? Yes! We are very much on the earth but not in a crowded town or city of modern times. We are in a beautiful valley of the Himalayas where nature is the only ruler. Here, the people are not yet infected with the selfish and materialistic lifestyle of the modern age. This is the beautiful, pure, grateful, and divine India of the Vedic age—the age of true and immortal saints, sages, gods, and gandharvas!
Exercises
A. Answer the following questions based on the passage:
- How is the morning?
- Is the air dull and depressing? If not, then how is it?
- Is the author in heaven?
- Where are the author and his friends?
- What kind of people are there?
- What are the traits of the Vedic age of India?
B. Edit the following sentences (One is done for you):
- Nirmala is a students. —> student
- Her friends is helpful. —> ____________________
- I is also a good friend of hers. —> ____________________
- We are punctual and regular student. —> ____________________
- All our teacher are caring and concerned. —> ____________________
C. Rearrange the words to form meaningful sentences:
- a. doctor / is / Vidya / not / a / .
- b. Indian / by / I / am / birth / an / .
- c. my / she / not / is / . / neighbour
- d. same / he / is / not / the / ? / singer
- e. documents / where / my / ? / are
Word Power!
Test your vocabulary by providing the correct forms below:
- Write down the antonyms (opposites) of the following: Noise, Materialistic, Selfish, Divine.
- Write down the synonyms (same meanings) of the following: Rejuvenating, Fragrant, Heaven, Grateful.
Writing Skills!
Practice your writing skills by making a meaningful sentence with each of the following words:
- Nature
- Earth
- Sun
- Sky
- Flowers
Ready to check your work?
Please try all the exercises before looking at the answers! ๐
Click here to view the complete Present Simple Tense Answer Key
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
This Tense talks about:
- Routines:
I go to school. We do not play basketball daily. - Habits:
Varun takes exercise before getting ready for the office. Anita does not eat onion. - Likes and Dislikes:
I like Kulfi Faluda. Rashmi does not like cardamom. - Universal truths:
The Earth moves round the Sun.
Formulas & Examples
1. Affirmative (Positive)
Formula (Plural): Subject (I/We/You/They/Plural) + V1 + Object
Formula (Singular): Subject (He/She/It/Third Person Singular) + V1 + s/es + Object
- I play cricket.
- We go to the temple.
- They drink coffee.
- Elephants like sugarcane.
- She plays the piano.
- He goes to the library.
- It exhales oxygen.
- An elephant likes sugarcane.
2. Negative
Formula (Plural): Subject (I/We/You/They/Plural) + do not + V1 + Object
Formula (Singular): Subject (He/She/It/Singular) + does not + V1 + Object
- I do not study astrology.
- We do not drink hard drinks.
- She does not learn French.
- My servant does not cook North Indian food.
3. Interrogative Positive
Formula: W/H family + do/does + Subject + V1 + Object?
- Does Nanny like coffee?
- Why does he read this book?
- Do you play football?
- Where do you go for French classes?
4. Interrogative Negative
Formula: W/H family + do/does + Subject + not + V1 + Object?
- Does Victor not like snakes?
- When do we not help you?
- Do you not read epics?
- Why does a banana tree not bear fruit twice?
Story Based On Present Indefinite Tense
My Gurudev
My Gurudev lives in Ambala. He is a great saint. We visit Ambala once a year on the auspicious occasion of Kartik Purnima. Disciples come from every quarter of the globe to pay their homage to his great self. He does not sit on a throne to bless devotees like other spiritual gurus do; instead, Swamiji personally attends each and every disciple, no matter how long the queue is. Thousands of disciples come to see him and he keeps standing and moving to talk to them.
He is the highest authority of the largest sage community of India and is responsible for anointing new sages. He takes the first dip in the holy river on the auspicious occasion of Mahakumbha; still, he does not behave like an arrogant or a prudent personality. His tall figure, bright forehead, cheerful smile, and self-possessed manners all create a rainbow aura of peaceful yet bright, humble yet confident, loving yet awesome colors of a true incarnation of the Trinity. One who does not know about his highest spiritual level does not require any prior information to judge the level of his achievements, since his entire personality itself is the reflection of the divine flame that brightens his body and soul.
Exercises
A. Answer the following questions in one line:
- Where does the writer’s Gurudev live?
- How frequently does she visit Ambala?
- When does she visit Ambala?
- Why do the disciples come to Ambala on Kartik Purnima?
- How does her Gurudev differ from other spiritual gurus?
- Who takes the first dip in Mahakumbha?
- How does the authoress describe the personality of her Gurudev?
B. Edit the following sentences (One is done for you):
- Veena visit the church every Sunday. —> visits
- I does not accompany her every time. —> ____________________
- Though I wants to go with her. —> ____________________
- But the fanaticism of the parsons prevent me. —> ____________________
- And so I worship God only in my heart. —> ____________________
C. Rearrange the following words to form meaningful sentences:
- a. morning / . / I / at / the / get / up / 6 o’clock / in
- b. not / samosas / . / like / Nenny / does
- c. go / every day / to / Does / Veena / gym / ?
- d. to / does / not / them / Anita / Why / speak / ?
- e. Does / chapter / learn / How / Anjali / the / ?
Word Power!
- Write down the synonyms of: Auspicious, Homage, Aura, Incarnation, Awesome, Rainbow.
- Write down the antonyms of: Humble, Responsible, Confident, Disciple, Simple.
Writing Skills!
Write a paragraph on your favourite teacher in 50–80 words using the simple present patterns practiced today.
Ready to check your work?
Please try all the exercises before looking at the answers! ๐
Click here to view the complete Present Indefinite Tense Answer Key
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present continuous is used when an action is in progress or happening at the very time of speaking.
- She is drinking water.
- I am learning French these days.
Formulas & Examples
1. Affirmative (Positive)
Formula: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object
- These days I am learning Spanish.
- We are analysing your new project.
- He is waiting for the right time.
- She is feeling better now.
2. Negative
Formula: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + Object
- They are not responding to our polite requests.
- I am not criticising your project.
3. Interrogative Positive
Formula: W/H family + is/am/are + Subject + V1 + ing + Object?
- Where are you working these days?
- Is Anita going to the gym regularly this June?
4. Interrogative Negative
Formula: W/H family + is/am/are + Subject + not + V1 + ing + Object?
- Is John not taking an interest in his favourite cartoon series?
- Why is Amrita not participating in this play?
Story Based On Present Continuous Tense
Project Kalindi
Hello friends! Today I am standing at Kalindi Ghat where members of Project Kalindi are celebrating their first Basant Panchami Utsav. Here I am seeing everyone in different shades of yellow. Some members are busy organizing boat services for those who are coming to immerse their Saraswati idols, and others are taking care of pollution-free immersions. The young boys at the ghat are distributing paper bags to those who are bringing their contents in plastic bags. Some others are separating hazardous items from the biodegradable ones.
Members in the pandal are selling natural foods and beverages; classes to make such items are also being็imparted. Students from different colleges and universities are enthusiastically participating in this move and volunteering their innovations and labor to make this project a big success. The society is planning to include the youth force from all the cities to clean the rivers all over India. They are also hiring experts to make the best use of the disposed material to make best out of waste.
The schools run by the society are already using biogas plants for their fuel and electricity requirements, and a rain-harvesting plant is also being constructed to strengthen the water supply. The society is discussing with the Delhi government to use the waste lands for agricultural and bee-harvesting purposes to prevent further slum expansion in Delhi and to provide employment and organic food to downtrodden classes. I am also going to volunteer my services to the great cause this society is committed to.
Exercises
A. Answer the following questions in one line:
- Where is the reporter standing?
- What procession is going on?
- Which colours are the members wearing?
- What are the members selling inside the pandal?
- How are the students contributing their services?
- Why is the society hiring experts?
- What is the society doing to fulfil its fuel and electricity requirements?
- Is the reporter taking an interest? How do you know?
B. Answer the following in more than 30 words:
- List the different jobs being done by the members of the society.
- What is the society planning for the downtrodden classes?
C. Edit the following sentences:
- Today, all the schools is focussing on... —> are focusing
- Child-centred education but unfortunately... —> ____________________
- They are not focus on child’s welfare... —> ____________________
- But commodifying the education which is... —> ____________________
- Reduce the value of true education and further glorifying materialism. —> ____________________
D. Rearrange the following words to form meaningful sentences:
- a. We are enrolling new members for our club.
- b. Norway is taking interest in cricket now.
- c. India is recruiting more administrative officers.
- d. Is Libya not attending the G-8 meeting this year?
- e. Why are Americans not interested in higher studies?
Word Power!
Match the following words with their correct definitions:
| Word | Meaning / Synonym |
|---|---|
| a. Immerse | To dip or submerge completely in liquid. |
| b. Hazardous | Dangerous or risky. |
| c. Beverages | Drinks of any type except water. |
| d. Organic Food | Food produced or grown with natural techniques. |
| e. Downtrodden | Oppressed or treated badly by people in power. |
Writing Skills!
- Make meaningful sentences with the following words: Enthusiastic, Innovation, Dispose, Impart.
Ready to check your work?
Please try all the exercises before looking at the answers! ๐
Click here to view the complete Present Continuous Tense Answer Key
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
This tense is used for an action that has been completed in the past, but its effect or relevance is still connected to the present moment.
- I have already completed my job.
- He has not yet accepted your proposal.
Formulas & Examples
1. Affirmative (Positive)
Formula: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
- I have already submitted all the documents.
- He has provided us with the correct information.
2. Negative
Formula: Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Object
- They have not yet read all the documents.
- She has not paid the whole amount.
3. Interrogative Positive
Formula: W/H family + has/have + Subject + V3 + Object?
- Have you seen my gold chain today?
- Where have you planted the new sapling?
4. Interrogative Negative
Formula: W/H family + has/have + Subject + not + V3 + Object?
- Have I not given you enough freedom?
- Why has Roselyn not eaten her lunch today?
Story Based On Present Perfect Tense
Time Management
It has stopped raining. People have closed their umbrellas. The labourers have resumed construction work. Priya has not yet completed the reading of her scriptures. She has made every effort to complete her syllabus quickly but has remained unsuccessful. Now she has struck upon a new idea. She has decided to devote unlimited hours once a week instead of reading on an off-and-on daily basis. For this, she has now amended many of her strict rules that have caused delay in reaching her goals.
Manu has also decided to help her out, as he has watched her struggling seriously to overcome her faults. He has made a time planner for her and she has happily consented to follow it. She has always respected the experts’ advice without any prejudice. Now, as per my prediction, she has stepped into the way that will lead her to the zenith of success.
Exercises
A. Answer the following questions in one line only:
- What has Priya decided in order to complete the reading of her scriptures?
- Why has Manu decided to help her?
- What has Manu done to help Priya?
- Which quality of Priya has impressed the author?
- What prediction has the author forecasted for her?
B. Edit the following sentences:
- Marina have three pet rabbits in her farm house. —> has
- She has bring them from the jungles of Alipur. —> ____________________
- The rabbits have not yet accept her house... —> ____________________
- As their own dwelling, so she has planned... —> ____________________
- To release them and have spoken to her friend in Alipur. —> ____________________
C. Rearrange the following words to form meaningful sentences:
- a. just / Varun / finished / breakfast / . / has / his
- b. station / train / left / some / ago / . / the / minutes / has / the / two
- c. submitted / not / Shubham / project / . / yet / has / his
- d. job / ? / applied / Anu / this / for / has
- e. kept / pencil / where / you / have / my / box / ?
Word Power!
Tick or choose the correct word from the options that matches the definition:
- To start again after a pause (Continue): Resume / Decide
- To change or correct for the better (Correct): Amend / Consent
- A statement about what will happen in the future (Forecast): Prediction / Prejudice
- The highest point or peak (Peak): Zenith / Lead
Writing Skills!
- Provide a suitable sentence for each of the given words: Effort, Prejudice, Consent, Advise.
- Pen down your own struggle to overcome any of your most disturbing faults using the Present Perfect structures you learned today.
Ready to check your work?
Please try all the exercises before looking at the answers! ๐
Click here to view the complete Present Perfect Tense Answer Key
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
This Tense is used to express:
- A repeated action from the past:
They have been trying to reach there for two days. - A continuous action continuing up till a particular time:
He has been waiting for you since 3 o’clock.
Formulas & Examples
1. Affirmative (Positive)
Formula: Subject + has/have been + V1 + ing + Object + for/since + Time
- Ashima has been weaving this scarf for two days.
- We have been preparing for the speech since Monday.
2. Negative
Formula: Subject + has/have + not been + V1 + ing + Object + for/since + Time
- Veena has not been visiting her since last January.
- They have not been registering the new companies since the last scam.
3. Interrogative Positive
Formula: W/H family + has/have + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + for/since + Time?
- Why have you been working with a low-profile group for two years?
- Has he been taking piano classes since March?
4. Interrogative Negative
Formula: W/H family + has/have + Subject + not been + V1 + ing + Object + for/since + Time?
- Why has he not been paying his instalments since last August?
- Have they not been selling household articles for three years?
Story Based On Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Holi: The Festival of Colours
Students have been celebrating Holi since 8 o’clock in the commercial complex where I work. Office-goers have been facing the menace of this festival for the last one week. Children standing on either side of the buses have been throwing water-filled balloons at the bus windows for the last week. I have also been taking care to protect myself from such mischievous elements by keeping my bus windows shut. In my institute also, for more than one week, students have been preparing skits, dramas, and other cultural programs to celebrate this festival. The sweet makers of the famous Bikanerwala have also been preparing various delicious sweets for a fortnight, especially different kinds of Gujhia.
Exercises
A. Answer the following questions in one line only:
- How long have students been celebrating Holi?
- Why has the authoress been keeping her bus windows shut for a week?
- How long have the students of her institute been preparing for this festival?
- How has Bikanerwala been preparing to encash this festival?
B. Edit the following sentences:
- Nirmala has been reading the letter since last one hour. —> for the
- She have been reading it again and again as she is not... —> ____________________
- Believing whatever is written in the letter. She has... —> ____________________
- Always suffer misfortune and rejections all her life... —> ____________________
- Therefore this great opportunity seem unreal. As per... —> ____________________
- The letter, then she have become the princess of a... —> ____________________
- Wealthy Tourist Island in South Asia. —> ____________________
C. Rearrange the following words to form meaningful sentences:
- a. sitting / last / here / have / We / been / for / hours / three / .
- b. afternoon / this / been / chapter / has / Anita / learning / since / .
- c. months / been / taking / for / this / you / Have / medicine / three / ?
- d. talking / have / get-together / Arora’s / not / Why / Ahuja’s / been / to / since / last / ?
Word Power!
- Provide a suitable adverbial prefix for the verb ‘throw’ (e.g., overthrow, outthrow).
- Differentiate between the words ‘throw’ and ‘through’ by explaining their meanings.
- Write a suitable synonym for the word ‘delicious’.
- Make one meaningful word using the suffix ‘-goer’ (e.g., office-goer, school-goer).
Writing Skills!
- Make meaningful sentences with the following words: Mischievous, Menace, Prepare, Protect.
Grand Finale: Unit Review Story
Now that we have covered all branches of the Present Tense, let's read a final review passage that brings all these structures together!
Dreams and Determinations
I have always chosen the right path regardless of all opposition. Presently, I am running an N.G.O. with a strength of more than one thousand students and one hundred employees, along with the backup of hundreds of members working as partners in different cooperative societies. I have been running this N.G.O. for the last seven years; it has been a phoenix-like experience for me. I am happy because my divine mission has met with divine help.
Review Exercises
1. Answer the following questions based on the passage:- What is the authoress doing at present?
- What kind of experience has it been for her?
- Is she happy? Why?
- Every day, at 3 o’clock, all the inmates of the boarding house got up... —> get up
- For Brahmamuhurat Aarti and cleaned the temple... —> ____________________
- Afterwards, Pujari ji offer fruits to Lord Krishna... —> ____________________
- Then Pujari ji worship the cow folk and distributes... —> ____________________
- Prasadam to all the attendants. Afterwards, yoga class start... —> ____________________
- Which continues for half an hour. Then after all the students performs... —> ____________________
- Vedic yajna and go to the Indian kitchen for breakfast. This have been... —> ____________________
- The routine of our boarding house since it is in existence. After have... —> ____________________
- Breakfast, all the students attends the assembly in the playground. —> ____________________
- Find out and define the meanings of all the major vocabulary words used in the passage ‘Dreams and Determinations’ (such as Opposition, NGO, Backup, Phoenix, Mission).
- Write down the success story of any renowned personality or organization using a mix of the present tenses practiced in this unit.
Ready to check your work?
Please try all the exercises before looking at the answers! ๐
Click here to view the complete Present Perfect Continuous Answer Key
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