This tense is used to:
- Show completed actions in the past:
I had finished my homework. - Show the earlier of two actions in the past:
The terrorists had already surrendered before I reached the station.
Formulas & Examples
1. Affirmative (Positive)
Formula: Subject + had + V3 + Object
- She had sold off all the mangoes before dusk.
- I had taught him the whole method.
2. Negative
Formula: Subject + had + not + V3 + Object
- We had not received any information till dawn.
- They had not shipped our order by that time.
3. Interrogative Positive
Formula: W/H family + had + Subject + V3 + Object + ?
- Where had the Pandavas stayed for twelve years?
- When had he celebrated his last victory?
4. Interrogative Negative
Formula: W/H family + had + Subject + not + V3 + Object + ?
- Had Panchali not mocked Duryodhana?
- Why had Babruvahana not fought for any of them?
Reading Comprehension Passage
Faith and Devotion
The summer session had just finished. The devotees had already packed up their baggage. The last day’s sermon had already been over by the time we reached Kankhal. Swamiji had not yet finished his dinner, so we had to wait outside his beautiful cottage. When Swamiji came out after having his dinner, we immediately stood up to show respect. I still remember, he was on the gallery above a small staircase of the opposite building and we were on the muddy ground; he was very seriously staring at my dry and battered feet. I was feeling a bit embarrassed.
Slowly, he came down from the staircase and complained to my sister about our arriving at a time when the whole session had already got over. She explained her helplessness and told him about her busy schedule. He then asked me if I was okay, and I replied in the affirmative. He then turned his back to talk with one of his staff members. I had dinner with my sister and then we went to the Mahila Ashram where we had got a room; it was around 10:30 p.m.
In the morning, Swamiji had already given ‘Darshana’ (to oblige with one's presence) to all the devotees when I reached the ashram; my sister had reached earlier and had already chatted a lot with Swamiji. I had to wait until 2:30 p.m. before I could finally have a glimpse of his highness. I had not taken a single grain till then. After having his glimpse, I took my breakfast-cum-lunch in a nearby dhaba, as the ashram’s canteen had already closed down until evening.
Exercises
A. Answer the following questions in one line only:
- When had the authoress reached Kankhal?
- Why had most of the devotees packed up their luggage?
- Where had the authoress waited with her sister to see her spiritual Guru?
- What made the authoress feel embarrassed when Swamiji came out?
- The next day, how long had the authoress to wait for Swamiji before she could finally see him?
- Had the authoress eaten anything until she met her Gurudev?
B. Edit the following sentences:
- We had not yet complete our project... —> completed
- When our teacher call up and commanded us... —> ____________________
- To change the theme and advise us to make... —> ____________________
- Our new project with some eco-friendly theme... —> ____________________
- As we had already spend all our money over this... —> ____________________
C. Rearrange the words to form meaningful sentences:
- a. already / station / . / reached / had / Anita / the
- b. We / not / the / then / . / formalities / completed / had / all / by
- c. on / they / time / our / Had / received / parcel / ?
- d. to / ? / truth / had / us / this / not / Why / Noorie / disclosed
- e. Where / before / he / Andhra Pradesh / bag / had / hidden / the / going / to / ?
Word Power!
Match the following words with their correct synonyms and antonyms:
| Word | Synonym (Same Meaning) | Antonym (Opposite Meaning) |
|---|---|---|
| Faith | Trust / Belief | Doubt / Disbelief |
| Devotion | Dedication / Loyalty | Apathy / Disloyalty |
| Battered | Damaged / Worn-out | New / Unharmed |
| Stare | Gaze / Gawk | Glance / Ignore |
| Beautiful | Lovely / Pretty | Ugly / Unattractive |
Writing Skills!
Practice your writing skills by making a meaningful sentence with each of the following words:
- Respect
- Embarrass
- Explain
- Glimpse
Ready to check your work?
Please try all the exercises before looking at the answers! 😉
Click here to view the complete Answer Key
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